Religioon Vietnamis
Religion in Vietnam (2018)[1]
Enamik vietnamlastest ei järgi ühtegi organiseeritud religiooni, vaid praktiseerivad mõnda vietnami rahvausundit, näiteks harrastavad esivanematekultust või palvetavad jumalustele, eriti tếti ja teiste pühade ajal. Vietnami rahvausund põhineb ajaooliselt Vana-Hiinast pärinevatel uskumustel ehk konfutsianism ja taoism, aga ka budismil.[2] Nendele kolmele õpetusele (tam giáo) lisandus hiljem kristlus (katoliiklus, công giáo).[3] Vietnamis on ka kaks oma usku: sünkreetiline caodaism ja budismile sarnanev hoahaoism.
Ameerika Ühendriikide mõttekoda Pew Research Center hindas aastal 2010, et enamus vietnamlastest (45,3%) praktiseeris rahvausundit. Budiste (Mahajaana) oli hinnanguliselt 16,4%, kristlasi 8,2%, umbes 30% vietnamlastest olid uskmatud.[4] Ametlikult on kommunistlik valitsus kuulutanud Vietnami ateistlikuks riigiks.[5]
Aastal 2018 avaldatud Usuasjade Valitsuskomitee statistika järgi on Vietnami rahvast 14,9% budistid, 8,5% kristlased (7,4% katoliiklased ja 1,1% protestandid), 1,5% hoahao budistid, 1,2% caodaistid. Alla 0,2% on hindusid, moslemeid ja bahaiste. Rahvausund (mille kohta valitsus eraldi statistikat ei tee) on kaheksakümnendatest alates taas laialt levima hakanud.[6]
Statistika[muuda | muuda lähteteksti]
- Erinevates allikates on vietnamlaste usu kohta väga erinevad andmed
| Usund | % rahvastikust 2009[7] |
% rahvastikust 2010[8] |
% rahvastikust 2014[9] |
% rahvastikust 2018[1] |
% rahvastikust 2019[10] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnami rahvausund, ja uskmatus/ateism |
81,6% | 45,3% 29,6% |
73,1% | 73,52% | 86,32% |
| Budism | 7,9% | 16,4% | 12,2% | 14,91% | 4,79% |
| Kristlus | 7,5%
6,6% |
8,2%
- |
8,4%
6,9% |
8,44%
7,35% |
7,10%
6,10% |
| Katoliiklus | |||||
| Protestantism | |||||
| Hoahaoism | 1,6% | - | 1,4% | 1,47% | 1,02% |
| Caodaism | 1,0% | - | 4,8% | 1,16% | 0,58% |
| Muud usundid | 0,2% | 0,5% | 0,1% | 0,50% | 0,19% |
Vaata ka[muuda | muuda lähteteksti]
- Usuvabadus Vietnamis
- Vietnami filosoofia
- Taoism Vietnamis
- Vietnami rahvausund
- Baha'i usk Vietnamis
- Budism Vietnamis
- Hinduism Vietnamis
- Islam Vietnamis
- Juutide ajalugu Vietnamis
- Cao Dai
- Hòa Hảo
- Kristlus Vietnamis
- Katoliiklus Vietnamis
- Õigeusk Vietnamis
- Protestantism Vietnamis
Viited[muuda | muuda lähteteksti]
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Vietnamese Government Committee for Religious Affairs (2018). Cited in the US Office of International Religious Freedom (2018). "Report on International Religious Freedom: Vietnam". US Department of State.
- ↑ Vuong, Quan-Hoang (2020). "On how religions could accidentally incite lies and violence: folktales as a cultural transmitter". Palgrave Communications. 6 (1): 82. arXiv:1909.13686. DOI:10.1057/s41599-020-0442-3. S2CID 203593592.
- ↑ "Roman Catholicism in Vietnam". www.vietnamonline.com. Vaadatud 13. mail 2023.
- ↑ "The Global Religious Landscape". The Pew Forum. Detsember 2012.
- ↑ Jan Dodd, Mark Lewis, Ron Emmons. The Rough Guide to Vietnam, Vol. 4, 2003. p. 509: "After 1975, the Marxist-Leninist government of reunified Vietnam declared the state atheism while theoretically allowing people the right to practice their religion under the constitution."
- ↑ Philip Taylor (2004). Goddess on the Rise: Pilgrimage and Popular Religion in Vietnam.
- ↑ Full results of the 2009 Population and Housing Census of Vietnam, part #1.
- ↑ "Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project – Research and data from Pew Research Center".
- ↑ Vietnamese Government Committee for Religious Affairs (2014). Cited in the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. "Press Statement on the visit to the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam by the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief". Hanoi, Viet Nam 31 July 2014. Vietnamese.
- ↑ "Completed results of the 2019 Viet Nam population and housing census – General Statistics Office of Vietnam".
Kirjandus[muuda | muuda lähteteksti]
- Modernity and Re-Enchantment: Religion in Post-Revolutionary Vietnam, edited by Philip Taylor, ISEAS, Singapore, 2007. ISBN 978-981-230-438-4; Lexington Books, Maryland, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7391-2739-1.
- Hoskins, Janet Alison. "What Are Vietnam's Indigenous Religions?". Center for Southeast Asian Studies Kyoto University.
- Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: A History from Earliest Time to the Present. Oxford University Press.
- Tran, Anh Q. (2017). Gods, Heroes, and Ancestors: An Interreligious Encounter in Eighteenth-Century Vietnam. Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780190677602.001.0001. ISBN 9780190677602.
- Dror, Olga, toim (2002). Opusculum de Sectis apud Sinenses et Tunkinenses: A Small Treatise on the Sects among the Chinese and Tonkinese. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780877277323.
- Artiklid ajakirjades
- Trần, Claire Thị Liên (2013). "Communist State and Religious Policy in Vietnam: A Historical Perspective". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 5 (2): 229–252. DOI:10.1017/S1876404512001133. S2CID 154978637.
- Nguyen, Phi-Vân (2018). "A Secular State for a Religious Nation: The Republic of Vietnam and Religious Nationalism, 1946–1963". The Journal of Asian Studies. 77 (3): 741–771. DOI:10.1017/S0021911818000505. hdl:1993/34017.
- Roszko, Edyta (2021). "Controlled Religious Plurality: Possibilities for Covenantal Pluralism in Vietnam". The Review of Faith & International Affairs. 19 (3): 89–103. DOI:10.1080/15570274.2021.1954421.
- Mai, Cuong T. (2021). "The Karma of Love: Buddhist Karmic Discourses in Confucian and Daoist Voices in Vietnamese Tales of the Marvelous and Uncanny". Journal of Vietnamese Studies. 16 (3): 1–76. DOI:10.1525/vs.2021.16.3.1. S2CID 239664431.