Metropolitan Railway

Metropolitan Railway (lühidalt Met) oli kauba- ja reisiraudtee, mis teenindas Londonit aastatel 1863–1933. Selle põhiliin kulges kesklinnast loodesse, tulevasse Middlesexi äärelinna. Raudtee esimene liin ühendas kesklinnaga Paddingtoni, Eustoni ja King's Crossi raudteejaamad. Raudtee avati 10. jaanuaril 1863, sellel auruvedurid vedama gaasi abil valgustatud puidust vaguneid. Esimene osa kulges Paddingtonist Smithfieldi. Metropolitan Railway oli maailma esimene maa-alune reisiraudtee.

Varsti asuti Meti mõlemast otsast pikendama. Põhjas ehitati juurde haru Baker Streetist. Lõunas rajati aastal 1864 Hammersmithi jaam, aastal 1877 Richmondi jaam ning aastaks 1884 oli Circle Line valmis. Tähtsaim juurdeehitus oli loodesse Middlesexi, kuna sellega hakkas kiirelt arenema Londoni äärelinn. Aastal 1880 ehitati Harrow' jaam ning Buckinghami hertsogi ja Waddesdoni mõisa omanike toel teenindati aastaid ka Buckinghamshire'i Verney Junctioni raudteejaama.

Aastal 1905 hakkasid raudteel sõitma elektrirongid, aastaks 1907 oli neid rohkem kui aururonge, kuigi kaugemad lõigud saavutasid elektrivõimekuse alles kümneid aastaid hiljem. Erinevalt teistest Londoni raudtee-ettevõtetest arendas Met ka elamurajoone ning reklaamis pärast esimest maailmasõda raudteelähedasi rajoone Metro-landi kaubamärgi all. Metropolitan Railway liideti 1. juulil 1933 Underground Electric Railways Company of Londoni, trammiettevõtte ja bussifirmaga ning moodustati London Passenger Transport Board.

Kunagised Meti teed ja jaamad teenindavad tänapäeval Londoni metroo liine Metropolitan, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Piccadilly, Jubilee ja Victoria.

Kirjandus

Awdry, Christopher (1990). Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies. Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-85260-049-7.
Benest, K.R. (1984) [1963]. Metropolitan Electric Locomotives (2nd ed.). London Underground Railway Society. ISBN 0-9508793-1-2.
Bruce, J Graeme (1983). Steam to Silver. A history of London Transport Surface Rolling Stock. Capital Transport. ISBN 0-904711-45-5.
Butt, R. V. J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform, and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-85260-508-1.
Casserley, H.C. (1977). The later years of Metropolitan Steam. D. Bradford Barton. ISBN 0-85153-327-2.
Day, John R.; Reed, John (2008) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground (10th ed.). Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-316-7.
Demuth, Tim; Leboff, David (1999). No Need To Ask. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport. ISBN 185414-215-1.
Earnshaw, Alan (1989). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 5. Penryn: Atlantic Books. ISBN 0-906899-35-4.
Edwards, Dennis; Pigram, Ron (1988). The Golden Years of the Metropolitan Railway and the Metro-land Dream. Bloomsbury. ISBN 1-870630-11-4.
"Fowler's Ghost" (mai 1962). Cooke, B.W.C (toim). "Railway connections at King's Cross (part one)". The Railway Magazine. Kd 108, nr 733. Tothill Press.
Foxell, Clive (1996). Chesham Shuttle: The Story of a Metropolitan Branch Line (2nd ed.). Clive Foxell. ISBN 0-9529184-0-4.
Goudie, Frank (1990). Metropolitan Steam Locomotives. Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-118-7.
Gourvish, Terry (2006). The Official History of Britain and the Channel Tunnel. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-39183-2.
Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground: An illustrated history. Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1720-4.
Green, Oliver, toim (2004). Metro-Land (British Empire Exhibition 1924 reprinted ed.). Southbank Publishing. ISBN 1-904915-00-0. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 28. juuni 2008. Vaadatud 22. aprillil 2012.
Horne, Mike (2003). The Metropolitan Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-275-5.
Horne, Mike (2006). The District Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-292-5.
Jackson, Alan (1986). London's Metropolitan Railway. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8839-8.
Lee, Charles E. (1956). The Metropolitan District Railway. The Oakwood Press. ASIN B0000CJGHS.
Rose, Douglas (detsember 2007) [1980]. The London Underground: A Diagrammatic History (8th ed.). Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-315-0.
Rowley, Trevor (2006). The English landscape in the twentieth century. Hambledon Continuum. ISBN 1-85285-388-3.
Simpson, Bill (2003). A History of the Metropolitan Railway. Volume 1: The Circle and Extended Lines to Rickmansworth. Lamplight Publications. ISBN 1-899246-07-X.
Snowdon, James R. (2001). Metropolitan Railway Rolling Stock. Didcot: Wild Swan. ISBN 1-874103-66-6.
Walford, Edward (1878). New and Old London: Volume 5. British History Online. Vaadatud 3. juulil 2012.
Wolmar, Christian (2004). The Subterranean Railway: how the London Underground was built and how it changed the city forever. Atlantic. ISBN 1-84354-023-1.
Railway Clerks' Association (1922). The Reorganisation of British Railways: The Railways Act, 1921 (3rd ed.). Gray's Inn Press.

Välislingid

A silent film A trip on the Metropolitan Railway, circa 1910 (Adobe Flash) London Transport Museum
Metropolitan & Great Central Railway Joint Committee Survey Created by the Metropolitan & Great Central Joint Committee in 1907 for their own use, the ten hand-coloured station and crossover plans illustrate the line from Harrow-on-the-Hill Station to Amersham and Chesham.
Metropolitan Line Clive's UndergrounD Line Guides