Abdullah Öcalan

Abdullah Öcalan (ka Apo^[1]^[2] (lühend nimest Abdullah ja "onu" kurdi keeles^[3]^[4]; sündinud 4. aprillil 1948) on üks Türgis 1978. aastast tegutseva paramilitaarse ja rahvusvaheliselt (sealhulgas ÜRO, NATO, USA ja ELi poolt) terroristlikuks peetud organisatsiooni Kurdistani Tööpartei loojaid.^[5]^[6]

1999. aastal arreteerisid Türgi julgeolekujõud Öcalani Keenia pealinnas Nairobis ning viisid Türki, kus ta mõisteti surma karistusseadustiku paragrahvi 125^[7] alusel, mis käsitleb relvastatud jõukude loomist. Kohtuotsus muudeti eluaegseks vangistuseks, kui Türgi kaotas surmanuhtluse, püüdes saada Euroopa Liitu. 1999–2009 oli ta üksikvangistuses^[8] İmralı saarel Marmara meres.^[9] Öcalan on tunnistanud, et Kurdi Tööpartei on vägivaldne^[10], kuid tema sõnul relvastatud vastuhakk ei aidanud ning Kurdistani küsimusele tuleks leida poliitiline lahendus.^[11] Konfliktis Türgi ja Tööpartei vahel on hukkunud üle 40 000 inimese, sealhulgas Tööpartei liikmed, Türgi sõjaväelased ja tsiviilisikud, nii kurdid kui ka türklased.^[12]

Öcalanil on ilmunud üle 40 raamatu. Neist neli on ilmunud tema vangistuse jooksul, viimati 2012. aastal.

Viited

↑ Political Violence against Americans 1999. Bureau of Diplomatic Security. Detsember 2000. Lk 123. ISBN 9781428965621.
↑ "Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vaadatud 25. juuli 2013.
↑ Mango, Andrew (2005). Turkey and the War on Terror: 'For Forty Years We Fought Alone'. Routledge: London. Lk 32. ISBN 9780203687185. The most ruthless among them was Abdullah Öcalan, known as Apo (a diminutive for Abdullah; the word also means 'uncle' in Kurdish).
↑ Jongerden, Joost (2007). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatical Policies, Modernity and War. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill. Lk 57. ISBN 9789004155572. In 1975 the group settled on a name, the Kurdistan Revolutionaries (Kurdistan Devrimcileri), but others knew them as Apocu, followers of Apo, the nickname of Abdullah Öcalan (apo is also Kurdish for uncle).
↑ "Chapter 6—Terrorist Groups". Country Reports on Terrorism. United States Department of State. 27.04.2005. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 5.05.2007. Vaadatud 23.07.2008.
↑ Powell, Colin (05.10.2001). "2001 Report on Foreign Terrorist Organizations". Foreign Terrorist Organizations. Washington, DC: Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. State Department. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 13.02.2002. Vaadatud 22.08.2013.
↑ "Belgenet Öcalan Davası Gerekçeli Karar". Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. aprill 2012. Vaadatud 22. augustil 2013.
↑ [1]
↑ Marlies Casier, Joost Jongerden, Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue, Taylor & Francis, 2010, p. 146.
↑ Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Documents 1999 Ordinary Session (fourth part, September 1999), Volume VII, Council of Europe, 1999, p. 18
↑ Mag. Katharina Kirchmayer, The Case of the Isolation Regime of Abdullah Öcalan: A Violation of European Human Rights Law and Standards?, GRIN Verlag, 2010, p. 37
↑ "Bir dönemin acı bilançosu". Hürriyet (Turkish). 16.09.2008. Vaadatud 17.09.2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 hooldus: tundmatu keel (link)

[US_State_Dept-1] Political Violence against Americans 1999. Bureau of Diplomatic Security. Detsember 2000. Lk 123. ISBN 9781428965621.

[2] "Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vaadatud 25. juuli 2013.

[3] Mango, Andrew (2005). Turkey and the War on Terror: 'For Forty Years We Fought Alone'. Routledge: London. Lk 32. ISBN 9780203687185. The most ruthless among them was Abdullah Öcalan, known as Apo (a diminutive for Abdullah; the word also means 'uncle' in Kurdish).

[4] Jongerden, Joost (2007). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatical Policies, Modernity and War. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill. Lk 57. ISBN 9789004155572. In 1975 the group settled on a name, the Kurdistan Revolutionaries (Kurdistan Devrimcileri), but others knew them as Apocu, followers of Apo, the nickname of Abdullah Öcalan (apo is also Kurdish for uncle).

[USTerrorList2-5] "Chapter 6—Terrorist Groups". Country Reports on Terrorism. United States Department of State. 27.04.2005. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 5.05.2007. Vaadatud 23.07.2008.

[DoS-6] Powell, Colin (05.10.2001). "2001 Report on Foreign Terrorist Organizations". Foreign Terrorist Organizations. Washington, DC: Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. State Department. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 13.02.2002. Vaadatud 22.08.2013.

[7] "Belgenet Öcalan Davası Gerekçeli Karar". Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. aprill 2012. Vaadatud 22. augustil 2013.

[8] [1]

[9] Marlies Casier, Joost Jongerden, Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue, Taylor & Francis, 2010, p. 146.

[10] Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Documents 1999 Ordinary Session (fourth part, September 1999), Volume VII, Council of Europe, 1999, p. 18

[MKK-11] Mag. Katharina Kirchmayer, The Case of the Isolation Regime of Abdullah Öcalan: A Violation of European Human Rights Law and Standards?, GRIN Verlag, 2010, p. 37

[hurriyet9914612-12] "Bir dönemin acı bilançosu". Hürriyet (Turkish). 16.09.2008. Vaadatud 17.09.2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 hooldus: tundmatu keel (link)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]