Indo-Sküüdi Kuningriik

Indo-Sküüdi Kuningriik u 150 eKr – 400 pKr
Valitsusvorm	monarhia
Osa	Alates 1. sajandist pKr Kušaani ja Pärsia vasall
Kuningas	Maues ; (esimene, u 98–60 eKr) ; Rudrasimha III ; (viimane Lääne-Satraapide valitseja, u 388–415)
Pealinn	Ujjain ; Mathura ; Taxila
Religioon	hinduism ; sküüdi usund ; vanakreeka usund ; budism ; zoroastrism
Pindala	2 600 000 km² (20)
Peamised keeled	saka ; koinee ; paali ; sanskriti ; praakriti
Kreeka-Baktria Kuningriik ; India-Kreeka Kuningriik ; Maurja Riik	Kušaani Riik ; Sassaniidide Riik ; Apracharajade Riik ; Indo-Partia Kuningriik ; Paratarajade Riik ; Guptade Riik ; Põhja-Satraabid ; Lääne-Satraabid

Indo-Sküüdi Kuningriik (ka Indosakade Kuningriik) oli riik Aasias tänapäeva Afganistani, Iraani idaosa, Pakistani ja India põhjaosa aladel. Selle rajasid Kesk-Aasiast lõunasse tulnud iraani ja sküüdi rändrahvad. Selline rahvasteränne toimus 2. sajandist eKr 4. sajandini pKr.

Esimene sakade kuningas Hindustani poolsaarel oli Maues, kes allutas oma võimule Gandhara, Induse oru ja muud alad. Indosküüdid kinnitasid kanda Loode-Indias ning alistasid muud sealsed riigid, nt India-Kreeka. Indosküüdid said lüüa Kušaani valitsejalt Kujula Kadphiseselt või Kanishkalt 1.–2. sajandil pKr. Sakad jäid võimule asevalitsejate ehk satraapidena ning nende riik jagati Põhja- ja Lääne-Satraapideks. Sakade hakkas hääbuma, kui 2. sajandil saadi lüüa Satavahana pealikult Gautamiputra Satakarnilt. Viimane Lääne-Satraapide valitseja Rudrasimha III alistus Guptade Riigile aastal 395.

Vaata ka

Hani-Xiongnu sõjad

Allikad

Bailey, H. W. 1958. "Languages of the Saka." Handbuch der Orientalistik, I. Abt., 4. Bd., I. Absch., Leiden-Köln. 1958.
Faccenna D., "Sculptures from the sacred area of Butkara I", Istituto Poligrafico Dello Stato, Libreria Dello Stato, Rome, 1964.
Harmatta, János, ed., 1994. History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. Paris, UNESCO Publishing.
Hill, John E. 2004. The Peoples of the West from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between AD 239 and 265. Draft annotated English translation.
Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries AD. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
Hirakawa, Akira (1993). History of Indian Buddhism: From Śākyamuni to Early Mahāyāna. Motilall Banarsidas.
Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
Huet, Gerard (2010) "Heritage du Sanskrit Dictionnaire, Sanskrit-Francais," p. 128.
Litvinsky, B. A., ed., 1996. History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume III. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750. Paris, UNESCO Publishing.
Liu, Xinru 2001 "Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies." Journal of World History, Volume 12, No. 2, Fall 2001. University of Hawaii Press, pp 261–292. .
Bulletin of the Asia Institute: The Archaeology and Art of Central Asia. Studies From the Former Soviet Union. New Series. Edited by B. A. Litvinskii and Carol Altman Bromberg. Translation directed by Mary Fleming Zirin. Vol. 8, (1994), pp 37–46.
Millward, James A. (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
Neelis, Jason (2010). arly Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia. BRILL.
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. 1970. "The Wu-sun and Sakas and the Yüeh-chih Migration." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33 (1970), pp 154–160.
Ptolemaios (1932). The Geography. Translated and edited by Edward Luther Stevenson. 1991 unabridged reproduction. Dover Publications, Mineola, N. Y. ISBN 0-486-26896-9 (pbk)
Puri, B. N. 1994. "The Sakas and Indo-Parthians." In: History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. Harmatta, János, ed., 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, pp 191–207.
Ronca, Italo (1971). Ptolemaios Geographie 6,9–21. Ostrian und Zentralasien, Teil I. IsMEO — ROM.
Seldeslachts, Erik (2007). "Greece, the Final Frontier? The Westwards Spread of Buddhism". Heirman, Ann; Bumbacher, Stephan Peter (toim-d). The Spread of Buddhism. BRILL.
Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II (Revised Edition). Translated from the Shih chi of Ssu-ma Ch'ien. Chapter 123: The Account of Ta-yüan. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08167-7
Wilcox, Peter and Angus McBride (1986). Rome's Enemies (3): Parthians and Sassanid Persians (Men-at-Arms). Osprey Publishing; illustrated edition. ISBN 978-0-85045-688-2.
Yu, Taishan. 1998. A Study of Saka History. Sino-Platonic Papers No. 80. July 1998. Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania.
Yu, Taishan. 2000. A Hypothesis about the Source of the Sai Tribes. Sino-Platonic Papers No. 106. September 2000. Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania.
Political History of Ancient India, 1996, H. C. Raychaudhury
Hindu Polity, A Constitutional history of India in Hindu Times, 1978, K. P. Jayswal
Geographical Data in Early Puranas, 1972, M. R. Singh
India and Central Asia, 1955, Prabodh Chandra Bagchi.
Geography of Puranas, 1973, S. M. Ali
Greeks in Bactria and India, W. W. Tarn
Early History of North India, S. Chattopadhyava
Sakas in Ancient India, S. Chattopadhyava
Development of Kharoshthi script, C. C. Dasgupta
Ancient India, 1956, R. K. Mukerjee
Ancient India, Vol III, T. L. Shah
Hellenism in Ancient India, G. N. Banerjee
Manu and Yajnavalkya, K. P. Jayswal
Anabaseeos Alexanddrou, Arrian
Mathura lion capital inscriptions
Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarum, Vol II, Part I, S. Konow